Network 3 Dongle Hack

Question Types and Examples know Tests PRO (ECAES) - Bacteriology

number of questions and time available

The examination will be answered in two sessions. The first session is four hours, from 7:00 am The second session will be four hours, from 1:30 pm

Types questions and examples

The bacteriology ECAES includes one (1) only type of question: Multiple Choice with Single Answer (SMUR). Which consists of a statement or problem and four possible answers of which one is the correct option (key).

Here are some sample questions.

Examples

1. A patient aftertreatment control malaria by P. falciparum was performed on thick smear examination which showed gametocytes of P. falciparum parasite is the only way. Accordingly we conclude that

A. is a case of resistance, because parasites can still be observed in peripheral blood.
B. treatment is incomplete because it did not disappear all forms of the parasite in peripheral blood.
C. corresponds to a prior episode of malaria, since gametocytes may persist for several weeks in peripheral blood.
D. is a pregnant woman or a child under one year, since they are not provided "primaquine".

Key: C
Competition:
Argumentative Justification: Yes gametocytes in P. falciparum can persist for several weeks in peripheral blood, regardless of whether it was supplied or no "primaquine". Resistance in P. falciparum is associated with the persistence of asexual forms in peripheral blood even after treatment. Something similar occurs when therapy is incomplete.

2. Viral gastroenteritis is the second clinical entity of increased morbidity in the world after upper respiratory diseases and a major cause of infant mortality. Upon entering the mature enterocytes located in the duodenum, distal ileum and colon is decreased absorption surface, because

A. cause a decrease in the crypts and mononuclear cells.
B. no shortening or loss of villi and production of secretory cells.
C. diarrhea is the replacement of immature secretory cells by hairy in the villi.
D. there is a reduction of fluid and electrolytes in the lumen.

Key: B
Competition: Argumentative
Rationale: The area of \u200b\u200babsorption is reduced because the villi are shortened and replaced by secreting the mature cells, causing diarrhea box.

3. The deep mycoses are acquired by inhalation of spores. Are presented as acute, subacute or chronic, according to the host and infecting inoculum size. Some of these fungal infections affecting the mononuclear phagocyte system and other organs. A fungus that also produce a systemic disease, spreads to the mononuclear phagocyte system is

A. Aspergillus.
B. Candida albicans.
C. Esporotrix schenckii.
D. Histoplasma capsulatum.

Key: D
Competition: Interpretative
Justification: Histoplasma capsulatum causes endemic mycosis of primary pulmonary origin usually spread to other organs, especially the mononuclear phagocyte system. Primary infection often goes unnoticed or is manifested by mild respiratory symptoms may occur as acute, subacute or chronic, according to the host and infecting inoculum size.

4. Patient macroscopic and microscopic hematuria who was suspected kidney stones, and therefore it is practiced urography ruled the table above, however, with the results obtained are suspected renal tuberculosis and the doctor asks the lab to investigate. In this situation the procedure and adequate sample to confirm the renal tuberculosis

A. BK cultivation for the first morning urine collected in full.
B. microscopy in the urine of 24 hours refrigerated.
C. smear and culture of midstream first void.
D. BK in the urine culture for 24 hours refrigerated.

Key: A
Competition: Purpose
key Rationale: The show that offers the highest concentration of microorganisms for their isolation.

FROM MEET THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS 5 AND 6

In an outpatient State Social Enterprise (ESE) is served a seven-year-old who has pale skin, tachycardia, petechiae, lymphadenopathy and mild hepatosplenomegaly. CBC was performed and determination of immunoglobulins.

CBC data revealed anemia, thrombocytopenia and mild leukocytosis. Sedimentation was 90 mm / h in the blood smears were observed blast cells of heterogeneous size and coarse chromatin, without granules or Auer bodies. Accompanying myeloid cells showed no dysplastic changes. The results of the determination of immunoglobulin deficiency Immunoglobulin point A.

5. From the above data, the most likely diagnosis is

A. acute leukemia.
B. infectious mononucleosis.
C. bacterial infection.
D. hemolytic anemia.

Key: A
Competition: Interpretative
Rationale: The patient's age, clinical data, cytopenias and characteristics of peripheral blood cells under the diagnosis of acute leukemia.

6. component to supply adequate blood to improve tissue oxygenation in this patient is

A. whole blood.
B. washed red cells.
C. fresh frozen plasma.
D. packed red cells.

Key: B
Competition: Purpose
Rationale: Individuals with IgA deficiency should receive red blood cells to improve oxygenation but must be washed to prevent alloimmunization with immunoglobulin A, present in the transfused plasma and avoid future anaphylactic reactions secondary to this situation

7. Patient 20 years consulting for 4 years of oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea followed by 2; report weakness, weight gain, lethargy, sleep, galactorrhea, fatigue and cold intolerance. The following are the results of the examinations you performed in the patient:

increased prolactin increased TSH


T3 T4 decreased decreased decreased LH

FSH decreased joint elevation of TSH and prolactin in this patient is due to

A. stimulating hormone releasing hormone (TRH) on TSH and prolactin.
B. impaired pulsatile prolactin and TSH by thyroid hormones decrease.
C. serum proteins decreased fixing T3 and T4 hormones.
D. deficiency of iodine in the diet of the patient.

Key: A
Competition:
Argumentative Justification The pituitary gland in the anterior lobe secretes growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, tiroideoestimulante hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and prolactin. The hormone that regulates thyroid function is TSH, when the low thyroid hormone level in blood is detected by the pituitary gland and increases production of TSH that stimulates the thyroid to produce and release more thyroid hormone when the thyroid hormone level is high, the pituitary gland slows, lowers blood TSH and thyroid activity slows. The mechanism is realized through the hypothalamus, stimulating the pituitary gland through HRT. Regulatory mechanisms are not absolutely selective production of prolactin which is the pituitary hormone that stimulates lactation, ie, the secretion of the mammary glands can also be activated when you activate the TSH because the pituitary occurs in the same zone where the TSH and HRT produces cross-stimulation of TSH and prolactin.

Therefore, in some cases of hypothyroidism in which there are elevated blood TSH, prolactin may also be increased and lactation occur (galactorrhea).

8. In an interdisciplinary group of State Social Enterprise (ESE) where you work, have a discussion about the most efficient way of using resources to achieve the greatest impact and best results in the population. To achieve the objective of obtaining the greatest impact and benefit of the people the best strategy is to

A. allocating resources to primary care.
B. allocate resources to the second level of care.
C. primary prevention efforts.
D. secondary prevention efforts.

Key: C
Competition: Purpose
Justification: It works at healthy people to prevent the onset of disease

9. male patient, sexually active in the penis and an ulcerated lesion with raised edges and well defined consistent with a syphilitic chancre, which VDRL test is nonreactive.

behavior at this outcome is ideal to follow

A. a test of FTA-ABS IgG.
B. wait 4-6 weeks and repeat the VDRL.
C. Quantitative VDRL, suspecting a zone phenomenon.
D. perform an FTA-IgM test.

Key: D
Competition: Purpose
Justification: During the initial or primary stage of syphilis (chancre) the first antibodies detectable are the types IgM by evidence of FT AABS, while if we make the test of VDRL could only detect reagin (IgG) from week 3 after onset of infection and even a few weeks (1 - 3) after the appearance of the chancre. This would explain the non-reactivity of the VDRL test although the patient is infected with Treponema pallidum.

10. The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI), Ministry of Social Protection, has directed since 1978, to intervene vaccine-preventable diseases in children, aiming coverage less than 95% to prevent outbreaks. Vaccination coverage in the country in 2002, for some biologists were

With respect to the data of the Ministry of Social Protection, the vaccination status in Colombia is

A. optimal and guaranteed the absence of outbreaks of measles in 2002, while in other disease outbreaks might occur in that year.
B. poor and the country put at risk for the occurrence of outbreaks in diseases, in 2002.
C. allowed optimal decrease of 80-93% of outbreaks of diseases in the country, while it reaches 95% coverage.
D. deficient and require the purchase of more vaccines to face outbreaks imported from the countries along the border with Colombia

Key: B
Competition: Interpretative
Justification: Colombia has experienced a dramatic decline in vaccination coverage the country since 1997, so that in 2002 only 25% of the nation's children live in municipalities with coverage above 95%. This phenomenon has resulted from the combination of internal and external factors to the health sector as result of the health crisis, social and political life. The effects have been the emergence of a large number of outbreaks of diseases like measles, whooping cough, diphtheria, rubella and meningitis in different departments of the country .